Pressure ulcers were the largest proportion of patient safety incidents in 2011–2012, accounting for 19% of all reports (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence [NICE], 2014). Developing strategies and incentives to help reduce pressure ulcer incidence by stressing the importance of improving nurses’ knowledge in areas of skin care and encouraging carers/relatives, together with patients, to take an active role has been shown to improve outcomes in reducing the development of pressure ulcers (NHS Commissioning Board, 2013). With guidance focusing on prevention as well as treatment, it is important that community services understand both the risks and how to stage pressure ulcers appropriately to provide timely and cost-effective treatment.
This article looks at some case reports undertaken during a community initiative, which explored the importance of regularly
reassessing patients’ support surface needs in relation to their general wellbeing, comfort and personal relationships on a long-term basis. The comfort and dignity of patients who are prescribed longterm specialist dynamic mattresses is discussed through real patient stories. The importance of both involving and educating patients and their carers on pressure ulcer identification and preventation is also shown through this community initiative.
With more people living longer, an increasing amount of care and support is being given in people’s homes. The Department of Health (DH, 2012) has highlighted how complex care, which was previously only delivered in hospital, is now being provided by district nursing teams and other multidisciplinary agencies.
Pressure ulcers result in pain and poor quality of life for patients as well as being regarded as an indicator of poor practice for nurses and healthcare organisations. Similarly, prevention of pressure ulcers is preferable to treatment, which can be expensive. This article considers the latest guidance on the prevention of pressure ulcers and looks at some of the innovations such as pressure relieving devices and the use of dressing products, which nurses can use to provide holistic care. Finally, the author reiterates that despite the use of guidelines and innovative products, the nurse must also rely on their clinical judgement.
Due to concerns over pressure ulcer incidence data, a collaborative project was undertaken with the aim of improving quality of care within residential homes, specifically in relation to pressure ulcer prevention. The project comprised a residential home staff education programme based on the SSKIN bundle. The objective was to enhance staff awareness of pressure ulcer risk and their knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention approaches, such as the appropriate use of skin care products (ProshieldTM; H&R Healthcare) and the targeted use of local pressure-relieving methods such as dermal pads (AdermaTM; Smith & Nephew). To support residential home staff in putting pressure ulcer prevention theory into practice, skin care products and dermal pads were made more easy for staff to access, thereby facilitating the desired change in practice. Implementation of the project was supervised by the local tissue viability team. Tissue viability nurses — with the support of Smith & Nephew — delivered an educational package to the staff in each residential home including the SSKIN bundle and the appropriate use of local pressure-relieving techniques. A ‘stock-box’ containing supplies of dermal pads and skin care products was provided for each residential home immediately after the training — this meant that the staff could begin using these as soon as a risk assessment identified a patient who needed off-loading. Pressure ulcer incidence data routinely captured before the project began was compared with data from a similar time period following the project — this helped the authors assess and reflect upon the impact of the project.
Pressure ulcers represent expensive adverse events and are a significant cause of pain and distress to patients. This article examines a SKIN bundle approach that was implemented in a Welsh nursing home to assist in the prevention of pressure damage. An educational intervention specifically designed to aid implementation was put in place and a series of audits were performed to collect nursing team members’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and occurrence. The authors outline how staff’s knowledge scores increased dramatically following education and how pressure ulcer prevalence subsequently remained low.
End of life care became the focus of media attention in 2013 when the Liverpool Care Pathway was found to be not fit for purpose. This article looks at the policy background to end of life care in the UK, as well as the current state of provision, from a community nursing perspective. It also focuses on pressure ulceration, a key complication for patients at the end of life, offering advice on how to approach skin care for this patient group. Finally, the author examines the implications for treatment of mental capacity legislation, and how concepts such as 'advanced decisions' and ethics affect nurses trying to treat patients at the end of life.
