Pressure ulcers represent expensive adverse events and are a significant cause of pain and distress to patients. This article examines a SKIN bundle approach that was implemented in a Welsh nursing home to assist in the prevention of pressure damage. An educational intervention specifically designed to aid implementation was put in place and a series of audits were performed to collect nursing team members’ knowledge of pressure ulcer prevention and occurrence. The authors outline how staff’s knowledge scores increased dramatically following education and how pressure ulcer prevalence subsequently remained low.
This article examines the role of malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Until recently, weight loss was considered an inevitable consequence of COPD, however, modern research has demonstrated that weight gain is in fact achievable and can result in functional improvements. It is important that community nurses are aware of the importance of nutrition in COPD, both in screening for malnutrition and developing appropriate treatment plans, including the use of oral nutritional supplements alongside dietary advice and counselling. The current NHS policy of moving care 'closer to home' is resulting in more complex COPD patients being managed in the community and with this comes the challenge of managing reduced weight and low oral intake. It is, therefore, essential that community nurses develop the necessary skills and resources to deal with this growing group of patients.
This article looks at a telephone triage assessment clinic that was set up to improve the bowel, bladder and pelvic floor service in the authors’ locality. A pelvic floor triage questionnaire was developed to identify patients’ faecal, urinary and prolapse symptoms then, between April and December 2013, patients were referred to the colorectal pelvic floor clinic via telephone triage assessment. Investigations could also be requested directly from the telephone triage assessment clinic. The need for any investigations and patient responses to the telephone triage assessment clinic questionnaires were reviewed in the pelvic floor multidisciplinary meeting. Previously, the wait for a new pelvic floor appointment was four months and this has been reduced to two weeks (or five weeks for a new consultant appointment). The telephone triage assessment clinic has led to a reduction in waiting times, an improvement in patient experience and more efficient referral. It is also more cost effective as
it can replace a new consultant appointment.
Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation can lead to invasive infection and subsequently harm to patients. The prevalence of MRSA within care homes is poorly understood and, thus, the benefits of implementing a decolonisation regimen across a number of care homes was previously unknown. However, the MRSA prevalence surveillance outlined in this article showed that by proactively identifying MRSA carriers and decolonising residents, levels of MRSA fell from 10.2% in the first prevalence, to 6.8% in the second. The authors concluded that this simple strategy has the potential to reduce MRSA burden and patient harm.
Pain is experienced by many patients in primary and secondary care and the assessment of pain is a fundamental aspect of nursing. Community nurses need to possess a strong knowledge base to inform and advise their patients, this in turn enables them to help and empower their patients to effectively control pain with minimal side-effects. This two-part series on pain provides an update on the assessment and management of acute and chronic non-malignant pain. This first part of the series examines how community nurses can recognise and categorise pain and start to draw up a plan of care for the patient. The second part in this series will deal with the management of pain.
The number of healthcare assistants employed within the NHS has risen in accord with policies supporting the growth and increasing scope of practice of the assistant workforce. Healthcare assistants are a vital component of the community nursing team. This article presents an overview of findings of a National Institute for Health Research funded study into the roles of community nursing assistants (at bands 2, 3 and 4) working in community nursing provider organisations in England. The findings are based on national workforce data and the experiences and perceptions of senior managers, service leads and caseload holders, who employ or work directly with community nursing assistants to provide adult services nursing care.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious, long-term and irreversible disease, which obstructs airflow to the lungs due to inflammation of the air passages and lung tissue damage. The most debilitating and frightening symptom is breathlessness, which can affect an individual's ability to walk, exercise, work, socialise, sleep and eat, thus having a major impact on all activities of daily living. This article aims to provide an overview of COPD to facilitate a general understanding of the disease, assist community nurses with early identification for prompt
detection and highlight the pathways and management options available. Due to its complexity, COPD can be challenging for both patients and healthcare professionals, thus the earlier it is diagnosed and management plans started, the sooner its progression can be slowed and any impact reduced.
The government's policy of moving care closer to home means that not only will community nurses continue to see patients with chronic wounds such as leg ulcers, pressure ulcers and diabetic foot ulcers, they may also start to see an increase in the numbers of patients who have been discharged from hospital with surgical wounds, who might previously have stayed in secondary care for a longer period. It is imperative that community nurses tasked with visiting a range of patients in their own homes have an understanding of the fundamentals of wound development and management to provide basic evidence-based wound care. This article looks at some of those fundamentals, including debridement, dressing application and removal, wound cleansing, infection, and the effects of comorbidities on the wound.
Venous and lymphatic disease both result in skin changes to the lower limb. These range from early disease signs such as mild oedema and dry skin, to varicose veins, leg ulceration and chronic oedema in the later stages. Patients at all stages of disease progression are commonly encountered in the community and compression hosiery plays a key role in the prevention and management of skin changes.
Hand hygiene is a term used to describe the removal of microorganisms from the hands using soap or a cleansing solution and water (hand washing), or a waterless antimicrobial agent (hand rubbing) (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence [NICE], 2013; World Health Organization [WHO], 2013).
